{"id":2689,"date":"2026-04-06T03:01:25","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T02:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techdailynews.site\/index.php\/2026\/04\/06\/michael-pollan-consciousness-is-really-under-siege\/"},"modified":"2026-04-06T03:01:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T02:01:27","slug":"michael-pollan-consciousness-is-really-under-siege","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techdailynews.site\/index.php\/2026\/04\/06\/michael-pollan-consciousness-is-really-under-siege\/","title":{"rendered":"Michael Pollan: &#039;Consciousness is really under siege&#039;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"anp-pro-entry\" style=\"max-width:100%;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.72;color:#242424;letter-spacing:.01em\">\n<p>Michael Pollan: &#039;Consciousness is really under siege&#039; is attracting attention across the tech world. Analysts, enthusiasts, and industry observers are watching closely to see how this story develops.<\/p>\n<p>This update adds another signal to a fast-moving sector where product decisions, platform changes, and competition can quickly shape the market.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Michael Pollan: \u201cPsychedelics have a way of smudging the windshield of experience\u201dCayce Clifford\/Guardian\/eyevine<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Michael Pollan: \u201cPsychedelics have a way of smudging the windshield of experience\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Author Michael Pollan has tackled plants, food and psychedelics in bestselling books including The Omnivore\u2019s Dilemma and How to Change Your Mind. Now, he has taken on the thorny problem of consciousness. In his latest book A World Appears: A journey into consciousness, Pollan charts the work of scientists and philosophers, weaving in literary perspectives along the way. He spoke to New Scientist about the value of writing a book where you know less at the end than before you started.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Olivia Goldhill: Let\u2019s start with a deceptively tricky question: how do you define consciousness?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Michael Pollan: The simplest way is to define it as subjective experience. We have subjective experience; toasters do not. You could even take off the \u201csubjective\u201d because having experience implies being aware that you\u2019re having experience.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Another definition I like comes from philosopher Thomas Nagel, who wrote a famous 1974 essay, \u201cWhat is it like to be a bat?\u201d. Bats are very different than we are, but nevertheless we can imagine it\u2019s like something to be them. That\u2019s a question to ask of any species or individual: if it\u2019s like something to be you, then you\u2019re conscious.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">The cortex is the newest, most evolutionarily recent part of the brain and, for a long time, it was assumed that consciousness must be in the cortex. But I was sold on the idea that consciousness begins with feelings, not thoughts. I was persuaded by the work done by Antonio DaMasio and Mark Solms and Anil Seth that consciousness begins with feelings, like hunger or itchiness, and therefore begins in the upper brainstem. That has huge implications. It tells us that consciousness is an embodied phenomenon. You need a body that, like ours, is vulnerable and has feelings that have survival value.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Clear out your shelves for a bumper new crop of books by authors including Naomi Klein, Rebecca Solnit and Xand Van Tulleken, says culture editor Alison Flood<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">You write about how much we don\u2019t know about consciousness, and how science has struggled to make progress. Do we need a whole new form of science?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">We\u2019ve organised the physical sciences in such a way that they limit themselves to objective, third-person, quantifiable things, and consciousness is a first-person, qualitative thing. This goes back to Galileo \u2013 he suggested a division where we leave subjective, qualitative things to the church. It\u2019s not as if Galileo didn\u2019t believe in subjective or qualitative things. He did. He just said it\u2019s too risky, we don\u2019t want to piss off the church any more than we already have. This kind of science has come down to us, and there\u2019s reason to doubt whether those tools are adequate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">You also have to study consciousness from inside consciousness. A book that had a big influence on me, The Blind Spot, points out that science itself is a manifestation of human consciousness. The problems we choose to work on, the way we measure things\u2026 these are all products of human consciousness.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">We might need a different kind of science. Certainly, we need a kind of science that figures out a way to bring the first-person perspective in. There is one attempt to do that in consciousness studies with integrated information theory, which begins with subjective experience as defined as reported by five axioms, and then goes looking for the kind of structure that would foster that kind of experience. I didn\u2019t find it very persuasive, but it\u2019s an interesting attempt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">You describe plants having memory and intelligence, and it sounds like you\u2019re open to plant consciousness.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"anp-pro-inline-figure\" style=\"margin:1.75em auto;text-align:center;max-width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"anp-pro-inline-img\" src=\"https:\/\/techdailynews.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/SEI_277647340.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin:0 auto;max-width:100%;width:auto;height:auto;object-fit:contain;object-position:center\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">I\u2019ve drawn a distinction between sentience and consciousness. Sentience is the ability to sense your environment, but also to recognise the valence of changes, whether they\u2019re good or bad for you, and react accordingly. So it\u2019s a very basic kind of awareness, and it doesn\u2019t have self-awareness. I think plants have that.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">I spent a lot of time exploring the field of \u201cplant neurobiology\u201d, as it\u2019s called in a joking way. There are some remarkable findings. Plants have about 20 senses. We only have five or six. They can navigate a maze. If you play the sound of a caterpillar chomping on a leaf, the plant will react and send toxins to its leaf. They send signals to surrounding plants when there\u2019s a predator. They will share soil with a related plant, but not with an unrelated plant \u2013 so they\u2019re recognising their kin and themselves.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">And the spookiest of all is that they respond to the same anaesthetics we do. If you give the Venus flytrap an anaesthetic, the same ones that work on us, it won\u2019t react [to nearby flies].<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">The question then comes up: what has the plant lost when it\u2019s under anaesthesia? Some would say consciousness. Certainly its sense of awareness \u2013 it\u2019s no longer aware that there\u2019s a fly crossing its threshold. So I find that very suggestive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">People might be relieved that you seem pretty confident artificial intelligence won\u2019t be conscious.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">I\u2019m talking about artificial intelligence on the immediate horizon \u2013 large language models and the other forms of AI projected within 10 years. Computers can simulate thought, but cannot simulate real feelings. A feeling is more than simply information, it has this qualitative dimension. Feelings are rooted in a body that has a vulnerability.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">I profile someone in the book, Kingson Man, who\u2019s trying to make a computer that would be vulnerable. He\u2019s upholstering the thing with this tearable skin that will have sensors in it. I asked him: \u201cDo you think those feelings will be real?\u201d And he wasn\u2019t sure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">How much did your earlier work, on plants and psychedelics, end up informing your investigation?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Oh, profoundly. My interest in plants goes back to my first book, and I wanted to work on plants because I love plants. I really care about whether they\u2019re sentient or not. But there was also a psychedelic experience that informed that quest, of being in my garden in Connecticut, and having this distinct sense that the plants were conscious. It was particularly this group of plume poppies that were as tall as I was, and they were returning my gaze, and they had this total benevolence toward me.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">There\u2019s always a question: what do you do with a psychedelic insight? Does it have any value? I wasn\u2019t sure. I read William James on mystical experiences and he said you treat it as a hypothesis, which means you look for other ways of knowing that might validate or invalidate it. That sent me down this path.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Christof Koch has a psychedelic experience in my book, a radical one, where he saw consciousness outside of the brain. This is someone who\u2019d assumed the brain was at the centre of things. I asked why he changed his mind and he said, \u201cnothing that I\u2019ve experienced is as real as that\u201d. So, psychedelics found their way into this book, and I was surprised how many scientists are working with psychedelics and finding them helpful in various ways.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">In the larger sense, psychedelics made me wonder about consciousness. Psychedelics have a way of smudging the windshield of experience. Suddenly, you realise that the world is being mediated by something. And that\u2019s consciousness. Once you realise that, it\u2019s hard to think about anything else. It becomes kind of an obsession.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">I love the bit in your book where you have your thoughts tracked by psychologist Russell Hurlburt, though you seem to not welcome his view that you don\u2019t have many.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">I feel a lot of my thoughts are not articulated, but they could be with just a little bit of work. James calls it premonitions \u2013 that you\u2019re on the verge of something, and sometimes I go to the trouble to translate it and sometimes I don\u2019t.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">But what Hurlburt was saying about me was that there\u2019s nothing going on. We argued a lot because I could not disentangle my thought at any one moment from the context. He took this to mean that there was a great hollowness I was backfilling with contextual stuff. I ruminate, and when I meditate, there\u2019s plenty of thoughts going on. So I reacted a little defensively. But it was interesting.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">\u201c<br \/>\n                       Consciousness is this private space where we think anything we want, and we\u2019re giving it away to companies<br \/>\n                    \u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">\u201c<br \/>\n                       Consciousness is this private space where we think anything we want, and we\u2019re giving it away to companies<br \/>\n                    \u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">He\u2019s been doing the same experiment for 50 years, and he\u2019s learned there are real distinctions between the way people think. We assume this word \u201cthought\u201d describes the same phenomenon for all, but it doesn\u2019t. There are people who think in fully formed words, people who think in images, people who think in what he calls \u201cunsymbolised thoughts\u201d. The percentage of verbal thinkers is much lower than we assume.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Can thinking about consciousness both heighten our awareness and take us away from consciousness?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">Alison Gopnik talks about spotlight consciousness [narrow, intense focus] versus lantern consciousness [general, exploratory awareness], and I was really going down the spotlight route. As I grew increasingly frustrated about finding a solution to this problem [of consciousness], my wife, who\u2019s an artist, said that not knowing is a wonderful thing \u2013 sitting with uncertainty is really valuable. My first reaction was \u201cyeah, yeah, yeah \u2013 I\u2019m a journalist, I need an answer\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">But when I met Joan Halifax, the Zen teacher at the end of the book, and spent time in a cave, I realised she was right and there was another way to think about it. There was the problem of consciousness, but there was also the experience of it. And focusing on the problem got in the way of the experience.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">We can be more conscious, and there\u2019s some urgency to that, in that consciousness is really under siege. [It] is very precious. It\u2019s this private space where we can think anything we want, and we\u2019re giving it away to companies. We need to defend it. Even though you\u2019ll know less about the science of consciousness than when you started this book, you\u2019re going to learn something else that I think is even more significant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">If understanding consciousness is potentially impossible, what is the value of this quest?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.15em;line-height:1.72;color:#333\">The quest is everything you learn along the way. When I read James especially, I do have this sense of awe at how complex this laboratory of our own minds is. You come away with a deeper appreciation for something you may have taken for granted. That\u2019s what I\u2019m hoping \u2013 that the book makes you more conscious than you were before you started.<\/p>\n<h2>Why This Matters<\/h2>\n<p>This development may influence user expectations, future product strategy, and the competitive balance inside the broader technology industry.<\/p>\n<p>Companies in adjacent segments often react quickly to similar moves, which is why stories like this tend to matter beyond a single announcement.<\/p>\n<h2>Looking Ahead<\/h2>\n<p>The full impact will become clearer over time, but the story already highlights how quickly the modern tech landscape can evolve.<\/p>\n<p>Observers will continue tracking the next steps and how they affect products, users, and the wider market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Pollan: &#039;Consciousness is really under siege&#039; is attracting attention across the tech world. Analysts, enthusiasts, and industry observers are watching closely to see how this story develops. This update adds another signal to a fast-moving sector where product decisions, platform changes, and competition can quickly shape the market. Michael Pollan: \u201cPsychedelics have a way [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":2691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[340],"tags":[461,399,400,532,542],"class_list":["post-2689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-book","tag-consciousness","tag-experience","tag-plants","tag-think"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Michael Pollan: &#039;Consciousness is really under siege&#039; - techdailynews.site<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/techdailynews.site\/index.php\/2026\/04\/06\/michael-pollan-consciousness-is-really-under-siege\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Michael Pollan: &#039;Consciousness is really under siege&#039; - techdailynews.site\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Michael Pollan: &#039;Consciousness is really under siege&#039; is attracting attention across the tech world. 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Analysts, enthusiasts, and industry observers are watching closely to see how this story develops. This update adds another signal to a fast-moving sector where product decisions, platform changes, and competition can quickly shape the market. 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